stainless steel 304 tp304 s30408 EN 10216-5 1.4301 tubes pipes

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introduce

ASME SA213 / ASTM A213 A312 TP304, EN 10216-5 1.4301 stainless steel is a variation of the 18% chromium – 8% nickel austeniticstainless steel tube, the most familiar and most frequently used alloy in the stainless steel family. This stainless steel be considered for a wide variety of application on good corrosion resistance, ease fabrication, excellent formability, and high strength with low weight.
304 Stainless Steel is the standard “18/8” stainless steel; it is the most versatile and most widely used stainless steel, available in a wider range of products, forms and finishes than any other. It has excellent forming and welding characteristics. The balanced austenitic structure of Grade 304 enables it to be severely deep drawn without intermediate annealing, which has made this grade dominant in the manufacture of drawn stainless steel part such as sink, hollow-ware and saucepan. For these application it is common to use special “304DDQ” (Deep Drawing Quality) variants.
Grade 304 is readily brake or roll formed into a variety of components for application in the industrial, architectural, and transportation fields. Grade 304 also has outstanding welding characteristic. Post-weld annealing is not required when welding thin sections.
Grade 304L, the low carbon version of 304, does not require post-weld annealing and so is extensively used in heavy gauge component (over about 6mm). Grade 304H with its higher carbon content finds application at elevated temperature. The austenitic structure also gives these grades excellent toughness, even down to cryogenic temperature.
General Properties
Chemical Composition
Resistance to Corrosion
Physical Properties
Mechanical Properties
Welding
Heat Treatment
Cleaning

304 Stainless Steel Pipe Key Properties

These properties are specified for flat rolled product (plate, sheet and coil Tube) in ASTM A213/A213M. Similar but not necessarily identical properties are specified for other products such as pipe and bar in their respective specifications.

Typical compositional ranges for grade 304 stainless steel are given in table 1.

Table 1. Composition ranges for ASME SA 213 304 304L 304H and EN 10216-5 1.4301 1.4307 1.4948

304 Stainless Steel Pipe Mechanical Properties

Typical mechanical properties for grade 304 stainless steels are given in table 2.

Table 2. 304 Stainless Steel Tubing Mechanical properties

304 Stainless Steel Tubing Physical Properties

Typical physical properties for annealed grade 304 stainless steels are given in table 3.

Table 3. Physical properties of 304 grade stainless steel in the annealed condition

304 Stainless Steel Grade Specification Comparison

Approximate grade comparisons for 304 stainless steels are given in table 4.

Table 4. Grade specifications for 304/304L/304H grade stainless steel

304 Stainless Steel tubes&Pipes Possible Alternative Grades

Possible alternative grades to grade 304 stainless steels are given in table 5.

Table 5. Possible alternative grades to 304 grade stainless steel tubing

304 Stainless Steel Pipe Corrosion Resistance

Excellent in a wide range of atmospheric environments and many corrosive media. Subject to pitting and crevice corrosion in warm chloride environments, and to stress corrosion cracking above about 60°C. Considered resistant to potable water with up to about 200mg/L chlorides at ambient temperatures, reducing to about 150mg/L at 60°C.
Atmospheric The performance of 304 compared with other metals in various environments is shown in the following table. The corrosion rates are based on a 10 year exposure.

304 Stainless Steel Tubing Thermal Processing

1.    304 Stainless Steel Pipe Annealing.  Heat from 1010oC to 1120oC and cool rapidly in air or water.  The best corrosion resistance is obtained when the final annealing is above 1070oC and cooling is rapid.

2.    304 Stainless Steel Tubing Stress relieving.  SX 304L can be stress relieved at 450-600oC for one hour with little danger of sensitisation.  A lower stress relieving temperature of 400oC maximum must be used.

3.     304 Stainless Steel Pipe Hot working

Initial forging and pressing:                              1150  to 1260oC

Finishing temperature:                                         900 to 925oC

All hot working operations should be followed by annealing.

304 Stainless Steel Pipe Cold Working

304 / 304L being extremely tough and ductile, are readily fabricated by old working.  Typical operations include bending, forming, deep drawing and upsetting

304 Stainless Steel Tubing Heat Resistance

Good oxidation resistance in intermittent service to 870°C and in continuous service to 925°C. Continuous use of 304 in the 425-860°C range is not recommended if subsequent aqueous corrosion resistance is important. Grade 304L is more resistant to carbide precipitation and can be heated into the above temperature range.

Grade 304H has higher strength at elevated temperatures so is often used for structural and pressure-containing applications at temperatures above about 500°C and up to about 800°C. 304H will become sensitised in the temperature range of 425-860°C; this is not a problem for high temperature applications, but will result in reduced aqueous corrosion resistance.

304 Stainless Steel Pipe Heat Treatment

Solution Treatment (Annealing) – Heat to 1010-1120°C and cool rapidly. These grades cannot be hardened by thermal treatment.

304 Stainless Steel Pipe Welding

Excellent weldability by all standard fusion methods, both with and without filler metals. AS 1554.6 pre-qualifies welding of 304 with Grade 308 and 304L with 308L rods or electrodes (and with their high silicon equivalents). Heavy welded sections in Grade 304 may require post-weld annealing for maximum corrosion resistance. This is not required for Grade 304L. Grade 321 may also be used as an alternative to 304 if heavy section welding is required and post-weld heat treatment is not possible.

304 Stainless Steel Tubing Machining

A “Ugima” improved machinability version of grade 304 is available in bar products. “Ugima” machines significantly better than standard 304 or 304L, giving higher machining rates and lower tool wear in many operations.

304/304L Stainless Steel Tubing Dual Certification

It is common for 304 and 304L to be stocked in “Dual Certified” form, particularly in plate and pipe. These items have chemical and mechanical properties complying with both 304 and 304L specifications. Such dual certified product does not meet 304H specifications and may be unacceptable for high temperature applications.

304 Stainless Steel Tubing Applications

Typical applications include:

Food processing equipment,particularly in beer brewing, milk processing & wine making.

Kitchen benches, sinks, troughs, equipment and appliances

Architectural panelling, railings & trim

Chemical containers, including for transport

Heat Exchangers